Backwardation - Term referring to the amount that the spot price exceeds the forward price.
Balance of Payments - A systematic record of the economic transactions during a given period for a country. (1) The term is often used to mean either: (i) balance of payments on "current account"; or (ii) the current account plus certain long term capital movements. (2) The combination of the trade balance, current balance, capital account and invisible balance, which together make up the balance of payments total. Prolonged balance of payment deficits tend to lead to restrictions in capital transfers, and or decline in currency values.
Balance of Trade - The value of a country’s exports minus its imports.
Bar Charts - Standard bar charts are commonly used to convey price activity into an easily readable chart. Usually four elements make up a bar chart, the Open, High, Low, and Close for the trading session/time period. A price bar can represent any time frame the user wishes, from 1 minute to 1 month. The total vertical length/height of the bar represents the entire trading range for the period. The top of the bar represents the highest price of the period, and the bottom of the bar represents the lowest price of the period. The Open is represented by a small dash to the left of the bar, and the Close for the session is a small dash to the right of the bar.
Band - The range in which a currency is permitted to move. A system used in the ERM.
Bank line - Line of credit granted by a bank to a customer, also known as a " line".
Bank Rate - The rate at which a central bank is prepared to lend money to its domestic banking system.
Base currency - United States Dollars. The currency to which each transaction shall be converted at the close of each position.
Basis - The difference between the cash price and futures price.
Basis point - For most currencies, denotes the fourth decimal place in exchange rate and represents 1/100 of one percent (.01%). For such currencies as the Japanese Yen, a basis point is the second decimal place when quoted in currency terms or the sixth and seventh decimal places, respectively, when quoted in reciprocal terms.
Basis trading - Taking opposite positions in the cash and futures market with the intention of profiting from favorable movements in the basis.
Basket - A group of currencies normally used to manage the exchange rate of a currency. Sometimes referred to as a unit of account.
Bear market - A prolonged period of generally falling prices.
Bear - An investor who believes that prices are going to fall.
Bid - The price at which a buyer has offered to purchase the currency or instrument.
Bid Rate - The rate at which a trader is willing to buy a currency.
Bid/Ask Spread - The difference between the bid and offer price, and the most widely used measure of market liquidity.
Big Figure - Dealer expression referring to the first few digits of an exchange rate. These digits rarely change in normal market fluctuations, and therefore are omitted in dealer quotes, especially in times of high market activity. For example, a USD/Yen rate might be 107.30/107.35, but would be quoted verbally without the first three digits i.e. “30/35”.
Book - The summary of currency positions held by a dealer, desk, or room. A total of the assets and liabilities. If the average maturity of the book is less than that of the assets, the bank is said to be running a short and open book. Passing the Book refers normally to transferring the trading of the Banks positions to another office at the close of the day, e.g. from London to New York.
Bretton Woods - The site of the conference which in 1944 led to the establishment of the post war foreign exchange system that remained intact until the early 1970s. The conference resulted in the formation of the IMF. The system fixed currencies in a fixed exchange rate system with 1% fluctuations of the currency to gold or the dollar.
Broker - Brings buyers and sellers together for a commission paid by the initiator of the transaction. Brokers do not take market positions. Or An individual or firm that acts as an intermediary, putting together buyers and sellers for a fee or commission. In contrast, a ‘dealer’ commits capital and takes one side of a position, hoping to earn a spread (profit) by closing out the position in a subsequent trade with another party.
Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944 - An agreement that established fixed foreign exchange rates for major currencies, provided for central bank intervention in the currency markets, and pegged the price of gold at US $35 per ounce. The agreement lasted until 1971, when President Nixon overturned the Bretton Woods agreement and established a floating exchange rate for the major currencies.
Bull market - A prolonged period of generally rising prices.
Bull - An investor who believes that prices are going to rise.
Bundesbank - Central Bank of Germany.
Buying/Selling - In the forex market currencies are always priced in pairs; therefore all trades result in the simultaneous buying of one currency and the selling of another. The objective of currency trading is to buy the currency that increases in value relative to the one you sold. If you have bought a currency and the price appreciates in value, then you must sell the currency back in order to lock in the profit.
Buying Rate - Rate at which the market and a market maker in particular is willing to buy the currency. Sometimes called bid rate.
Balance of Trade - The value of a country’s exports minus its imports.
Bar Charts - Standard bar charts are commonly used to convey price activity into an easily readable chart. Usually four elements make up a bar chart, the Open, High, Low, and Close for the trading session/time period. A price bar can represent any time frame the user wishes, from 1 minute to 1 month. The total vertical length/height of the bar represents the entire trading range for the period. The top of the bar represents the highest price of the period, and the bottom of the bar represents the lowest price of the period. The Open is represented by a small dash to the left of the bar, and the Close for the session is a small dash to the right of the bar.
Band - The range in which a currency is permitted to move. A system used in the ERM.
Bank line - Line of credit granted by a bank to a customer, also known as a " line".
Bank Rate - The rate at which a central bank is prepared to lend money to its domestic banking system.
Base currency - United States Dollars. The currency to which each transaction shall be converted at the close of each position.
Basis - The difference between the cash price and futures price.
Basis point - For most currencies, denotes the fourth decimal place in exchange rate and represents 1/100 of one percent (.01%). For such currencies as the Japanese Yen, a basis point is the second decimal place when quoted in currency terms or the sixth and seventh decimal places, respectively, when quoted in reciprocal terms.
Basis trading - Taking opposite positions in the cash and futures market with the intention of profiting from favorable movements in the basis.
Basket - A group of currencies normally used to manage the exchange rate of a currency. Sometimes referred to as a unit of account.
Bear market - A prolonged period of generally falling prices.
Bear - An investor who believes that prices are going to fall.
Bid - The price at which a buyer has offered to purchase the currency or instrument.
Bid Rate - The rate at which a trader is willing to buy a currency.
Bid/Ask Spread - The difference between the bid and offer price, and the most widely used measure of market liquidity.
Big Figure - Dealer expression referring to the first few digits of an exchange rate. These digits rarely change in normal market fluctuations, and therefore are omitted in dealer quotes, especially in times of high market activity. For example, a USD/Yen rate might be 107.30/107.35, but would be quoted verbally without the first three digits i.e. “30/35”.
Book - The summary of currency positions held by a dealer, desk, or room. A total of the assets and liabilities. If the average maturity of the book is less than that of the assets, the bank is said to be running a short and open book. Passing the Book refers normally to transferring the trading of the Banks positions to another office at the close of the day, e.g. from London to New York.
Bretton Woods - The site of the conference which in 1944 led to the establishment of the post war foreign exchange system that remained intact until the early 1970s. The conference resulted in the formation of the IMF. The system fixed currencies in a fixed exchange rate system with 1% fluctuations of the currency to gold or the dollar.
Broker - Brings buyers and sellers together for a commission paid by the initiator of the transaction. Brokers do not take market positions. Or An individual or firm that acts as an intermediary, putting together buyers and sellers for a fee or commission. In contrast, a ‘dealer’ commits capital and takes one side of a position, hoping to earn a spread (profit) by closing out the position in a subsequent trade with another party.
Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944 - An agreement that established fixed foreign exchange rates for major currencies, provided for central bank intervention in the currency markets, and pegged the price of gold at US $35 per ounce. The agreement lasted until 1971, when President Nixon overturned the Bretton Woods agreement and established a floating exchange rate for the major currencies.
Bull market - A prolonged period of generally rising prices.
Bull - An investor who believes that prices are going to rise.
Bundesbank - Central Bank of Germany.
Buying/Selling - In the forex market currencies are always priced in pairs; therefore all trades result in the simultaneous buying of one currency and the selling of another. The objective of currency trading is to buy the currency that increases in value relative to the one you sold. If you have bought a currency and the price appreciates in value, then you must sell the currency back in order to lock in the profit.
Buying Rate - Rate at which the market and a market maker in particular is willing to buy the currency. Sometimes called bid rate.
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